@misc{Zabokrzycka-Drużga_Karolina_Ethos_2022,
 author={Zabokrzycka-Drużga, Karolina},
 copyright={Copyright by Karolina Zabokrzycka-Drużga},
 address={Wrocław},
 howpublished={online},
 school={University of Wroclaw. Faculty of Social Sciences. Institute of Philosophy},
 year={2022},
 language={pol},
 abstract={The formula in the title „at the end of ethics” points to the exhaustion of the universalist narration, that has formed Western ethics. The reign of the dominant interpretation of the essence of human and their behaviour was questioned by Friedrich Nietzsche and Martin Heidegger. Both philosophers challenge ontological, epistemological and even logical premisses that have shaped our morality. They challenge respected divisions: into theory and practice, „me” and the outer world, the ideal reality and temporal world, the spirit (or soul) and the body. They object to the idea of dividing philosophy into autonomic disciplines and dispute the imperative of subject reasoning (based on terms and definitions). Instead of preserving senses and rules Nietzsche and Heidegger suggest the dynamism of meanings – putting them in motion. The end of ethics does not mean the end of ethical consideration as it generates the need of rethinking traditional assumptions and solutions.The main thesis of the dissertation says that there is ethical dimension of Nietzsche and Heidegger’s thought, which is not restricted to their critique of ethics and its foundation. In order to contradict the view that this dimension is only of a negative (destructive) character and to disclose its primary, affirmative origin, I introduce the term „radicality”. Its sense differs from the meaning of undoubtedly destructive „radicalism” or „radicalness”. „Radicality” derives from the Late Latin adjective radicalis, which means „rooted” (as Latin radix means „root”), but also „original”, „primary”, „deep” and „profound”. I argue that Nietzsche and Heidegger’s ethical radicality does not involve universalistic, absolute or dominant aspects. Despite both philosophers’ attempts to overturn metaphysics their critique and ruthlessness are not the origin of their philosophy. It is proved that Nietzsche and Heidegger’s writings are not radical only in a destructive way, but derive from the ethical radicality, which is deeply affirmative. This statement is supported by the assumption, that the true origin of their thought is care and the phenomenon of openness, that enable them to unveil the troublesomeness of human being, action and thinking.The idea of ethical radicality originates from the sense of ethos as „the place of human staying”, which has been found by Heidegger in the ancient thought of Heraclitus. Heidegger argues that the forgotten sense of the Greek word contradicts Western ethics, as it reveals wider notion of (human) action, that is not restricted to practice (traditionally separated from theory). In the dissertation ethos is not only referred to Heidegger’s thought, but it is also recognised in Nietzsche’s work. This fact distinguishes taken approach among other analyses of presented understanding of ethos.},
 title={Ethos – u kresu etyki. Znaczenie radykalności etycznej w pismachi i filozoficznym sporze Martina Heideggera i Fryderyka Nietzschego},
 type={tekst},
 keywords={ethos, ethics, radicality, openness, care, responsibility, freedom, relationality, Nietzsche, Heidegger},
}